ἔσχατος

ἔσχᾰτος, η, ον, also ος, ον Arat.625 (prob. fr. ἐκ, ἐξ, perh. eĝhzκατος (cf. ἐχθός)

A like ἔγ-κατα) :

I of Space, as always in Hom., farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, Od.21.9 ;

ἔσχατοι ἄλλων

at the end of the lines,

Il.10.434

, cf.8.225 ; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Od.1.23 ;

οἰκέομεν..ἔσχατοι 6.205

;

ἐσχάτη τῶν οἰκεομένων ἡ Ἰνδική Hdt.3.106

, cf. Th.2.96, etc.;

τὸ ἔ. τῆς ἀγορᾶς X.HG3.3.5

;

ὑπ'..ἐσχάτην στήλην S.El.720

; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, Id.Aj.4 : pl.,

ἔσχατα γαίης Hes.Th.731

;

τὰ ἔ. τῶν στρατοπέδων Th.4.96

;

ἐπ' ἔσχατα χθονός S.Fr.956

;

αἱ ἐπ' ἔσχατα τοῦ ἄστεως οἰκίαι Th.8.95

; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, Hdt.7.100, cf. X.Vect.1.6 ;

παρ' ἔσχατα λίμνης Pl.Phd.113b

, cf. Th.3.106:—in various senses, uppermost,

ἐ. πυρά S.El.900

; lowest, deepest,

ἀΐδας Theoc.16.52

;

ἅλς AP13.27

(Phal.) ; innermost,

σάρκες S.Tr. 1053

; last, hindmost,

ἤλαυνε δ' ἔ. Id.El.734

; ἐπ' ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, PTeb.68.54 (ii B.C.), etc.

2 of Degree, uttermost, highest,

τὸ ἔ. κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι Pi.O.1.113

;

ἀνορέαι ἔ. Id.I.4(3).11

;

σοφία Lib.Or.59.88

; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., utmost, last, worst, πόνος, ἀδικία, κίνδυνοι, Pl.Phdr.247b, R.361a, Grg.511d ;

ὀδύναι αἱ ἔ. Id.Prt.354b

; δῆμος ἔ. extreme democracy, Arist.Pol.1296a2.

b Subst., τὸ ἔ., τὰ ἔ., the utmost,

ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι Hdt.8.52

;

τετρῦσθαι ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ Id.1.22

; without Art.,

ἐπ' ἔσχατα βαίνεις S. OC217

(lyr.) ;

προβᾶσ' ἐπ' ἔσχατον θράσους Id.Ant.853

(lyr.) ;

ἐπ' ἔ. ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας Pl.Phdr.240d

, cf. R.361d, etc.;

ὃ πάντων κακῶν ἔσχατόν ἐστι, τοῦτο πάσχει Id.Phd.83c

;

οἱ τὰ ἔ. πεποιηκότες X.Cyr.8.8.2

; ζημιοῦσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐ., Lat. extremis suppliciis, Pl.Plt.297e ; ἔσχατ' ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, S.Ph.65, cf. Philem.178 ;

εἰς τὰ ἔ. ἐληλυθώς UPZ60.12

(ii B.C.) : [comp] Comp.

οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου -ώτερον εἴη ἄν τι Arist.Metaph.1055a20

: [comp] Sup. -ώτατος f.l. in X.HG2.3.49, cf. Phryn.51 ;

τὰ -ώτατα Phld.Hom.p.320

.

3 of Persons, lowest, meanest, D.S.8.18, D.C.42.5, Alciphr.3.43 : prov., οὐδείς, οὐδ' ὁ Μυσῶν ἔ., i.e. the meanest of mankind, Magnes 5, cf. Philem.77 ; in Pl.Tht.209b it seems to mean the remotest of mankind, cf. πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν v.l. in App.Prov.2.85 (

παρὰ τοῖς ἐ. τῆς Μυσίας Apostol.8.1

); similarly

οὐδὲ τὸν ἔσχατον Καρῶν Plu.2.871b

.

4 of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔ. to the end, Hdt.7.107, Th.3.46; ἔ. πλόος, ναυτιλίαι, the end of it, Pi.P.10.28, N.3.22 ; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, S.Ant.599 (lyr.); ἔ. Ἑλλήνων, Ῥωμαίων, Plu.Phil.1, Brut.44 : neut. ἔσχατον, as Adv., for the last time, S.OC1550 ; finally, best of all, 1 Ep.Cor.15.8; at the latest,

ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν SIG1219.11

(Gambreion, iii B. C.), cf. Inscr.Prien.4.45 (iv B. C.); εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην at the last, LXXEc.1.11 ; ἐπ' ἐσχάτῳ ib.2 Ki.24.25, al.: Subst. ἐσχάτη, ἡ, end,

οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν Astramps.Orac.21.4

, cf. 40.3.

5 in the Logic of Arist., τὰ ἔ. are the last or lowest species, Metaph.1059b26, or individuals, ib.998b16, cf. AP0.96b12, al.;

τὸ ἔ. ἄτομον Metaph.1058b10

.

b ὁ ἔ. ὅρος the minor term of a syllogism, EN1147b14.

c last step in geom. analysis or ultimate condition of action,

τὸ ἔ. ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως de An.433a16

.

II Adv. -τως to the uttermost, exceedingly,

πῦρ ἐ. καίει Hp.de Arte8

;

ἐ. διαμάχεσθαι Arist.HA613a11

;

ἐ. φιλοπόλεμος X.An.2.6.1

;

φοβοῦμαί σ' ἐ. Men.912

, cf. Epicur.Ep. 1p.31U.

b -τως διακεῖσθαι to be at the last extremity, Plb.1.24.2, D.S.18.48 ;

ἔχειν Ev.Marc.5.23

;

ἀπορεῖν Phld.Oec.p.72J.

2 so ἐς τὸ ἔ.,=ἐσχάτως, Hdt.7.229;

εἰς τὰ ἔ. X.HG5.4.33

;

εἰς τὰ ἔ. μάλα Id.Lac.1.2

;

τὸ ἔ.

finally, in the end,

Pl.Grg.473c

; but, τὸ ἔ. what is worst of all, ib.508d.